| خلاصه یا چکیده
|
:
|
Identification of superior cultivars with high yield potential and quality is one of the important objectives in crop breeding. To select and identification superior grape cultivars for various regions in Iran, a national project on the base of Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications (4 observation in each plot) was conducted. The morpho-physiological and phenological traits of 12 grape cultivars include: five local grape cultivars "Bidaneh Sefid", "Khalili", "Peykani", "Sorkh e-Fakhri" and "Roshe" and seven imported cultivars "Thompson seedless", "Ruby seedless", "Black seedless", "Perlette", "Flame seedless", "Superior seedless" "Fiesta" and "Torkamanestan 4", were evaluated in 4 regions (Qazvin, Kashmar, Uromia and Yasouj) during 2005-2011. The plants propagated by cuttings and micro propagation techniques in 2005-2006 and after one year plants were transferred to fields. Two sides Cordon training system was used for all cultivars. Cultivar characteristics were evaluated by using IPGRI descriptor. An extreme natural cold weather in 2008 provided excellent conditions for comparison cold tolerance between cultivars. A great variation was observed in quantitative and qualitative traits of plants, flowers, branches, leaves, flower buds, seeds, clusters and fruits. Amplographic traits of vine showed favorable coefficient value especially berry width, anthocyanin content of young branches, shape of teeth, relief of surface of cane, shape of sinus, upper side leaf color, node diameter and length of berry, bunch, panicle, node. The threshold of winter cold tolerance in normal cultivars was variable between -15 1 to -17 1 C. But in superior cultivars, it can handle up to -20 1 C and even more severe cold. In this study, Iranian local cultivars showed significant and high cold tolerant than imported cultivars. Keywords: Grape, Germplasm, Frostbite, Descriptor
|