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In order to investigate the effect of water hardness and ammonium sulfate additive on the effectiveness of important wheat herbicides, this research was carried out in two separate experiments in the years 2021-2022 in the greenhouse of the Weed Research Department located at Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (Tehran) in a factorial format with a randomized complete block design with Four replicates were performed. In the first experiment, the effect of water hardness and ammonium sulfate on the efficiency of dual-purpose herbicides and narrow leaf herbicides on wild oat was investigated. The experimental factors included six herbicides (diclofop methyl (Illoxan, EC 36%) 2.5 L/ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + mefenpyr diethyl (Puma super, EW 7.5%) 1 L/ha, pinoxaden (Axial, EC 5%) 1.25 L/ha, pinoxaden + clodinafop propargyl (Traxos, EC 5%) 1.5 L/ha, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium + diflufenican + mefenpyr diethyl (Othello, OD) 8.25%) 1.6 L/ha, and methsulfuron methyl + sulfosulfuron (Total, WG 75 + 5%) 50 g/ha in three dosages (50, 75 and 100% of the recorded dosage), water hardness was at two levels (zero and 1000 ppm calcium carbonate) and ammonium sulfate additive was at two levels (0 and 2%). In the second experiment, the effectiveness of two dual-purpose herbicides and 6 broadleaf herbicides on wild mustard was investigated. Factors include the herbicides: Tribenorone methyl (Granstar, 75% DF) 20 g/ha, bromoxynil + MCPA (Bromicide MA, 40% EC) 1.5 L/ha, 2, 4-D+ Dicamba (Dialen Super, 34.4 + 12% SL) 0.8 L/ha, Triasulfuron + Dicamba (Lintur, 70% WG) 165 g/ha, Bromoxynil +2, 4-D (Buctril Universal, 56% EC) 1.5 L/ha, Bentazone + Dicloprop (Bazagran DP SL 56.6%) 2 L/ha, Othello 1.6 L/ha and Total 50 g/ha in three dosages (50, 75 and 100% of the recorded dosage), water hardness was at two levels (zero and 1000 ppm calcium carbonate) and ammonium sulfate additive was at two levels (0 and 2%). 21 days after applying the treatments, the number of surviving plants and the wet and dry weight of the aerial parts of the surviving weeds were measured and finally the resulting data were analyzed using Minitab 18 software. The results showed that the interaction effect of the treatments was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the 75% and 100% of the recorded dosage of all herbicide except Illoxan and Lintur, in two experiments. Water hardness only reduced the effectiveness of Granstar herbicide. The addition of 2% ammonium sulfate, which was used to neutralize the adverse effect of water hardness, increases the absorption and better efficiency of Lintur, Total and Puma super herbicides in order to control wild mustard and wild oats, 10, 19 and 15%, respectively, compared to not using ammonium sulfate. In general, based on the obtained results, it can be said that except the tribenurone methyl herbicide (Granstar), the rest of these herbicides were not affected by the hardness of water caused by calcium carbonate up to 1000 ppm, and maybe with more research it can be said that wheat Farmers whose water is hard due to calcium carbonate and the dominant weeds in their fields are wild oats and wild mustard can not worry about reducing the effectiveness of the herbicides used in this study.
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