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In order to study the economic, agricultural yield and chemical composition of dry barley forage in 3 stages of plant growth including: 1) doughy grain, 2) physiological ripening and 3) complete ripening, in comparison with barley silage, and barley grain and straw, a one-year experiment done. In this experiment, Mahtab variety barley was planted in 5 hectares of the land of Fodehei Agricultural and Livestock Complex in the fall of 2021 and its crop was harvested in the spring of 2022. All production costs and revenues were collected and calculated, and using these data, barley forage was compared and economically prioritized in different stages of harvesting. The results showed that harvesting barley forage from growth stage of dough seeds to full maturity, compared to barley grain and straw, reduces the duration of cultivation from 15 to 53 days. As the growth of the plant progressed from the barley forage dough seeds to full maturity, the amount of crude protein decreased from 11.5 to 9.8% (P<0.05), cell wall decreased from 55.1 to 48.6%, (P<0.05 ), digestible organic matter increased from 59.4 to 65.9 percent (P<0.05) and metabolizable energy increased from 9.17 to 10.1 megajoules per kilogram of dry matter (P<0.05). The mean yield of dry matte of dough grain forage, physiological ripening, complete ripening, silage and barley grain+straw were 13207.7, 15286.6, 15713.6, 14083.8 and 9089.9 kg per hectare, respectively, and their loss rate, were 10.9, 13.6, 18.7 and 22.9 percent respectively. Barley forage dry matter yield in dry or silage form, 1.45 to 1.73, crude protein, 1.55 to 1.74, digestible organic matter, 1.2 to 1.64 and metabolizable energy were, 1.19 to 1.62 times that of barley grain and straw. Production efficiency of barley forage in dry or silage form per cubic meter of water, 1.66 to 1.77, crude protein, 1.57 to 1.89, digestible organic matter, 1.38 to 1.64 and metabolizable energy were 1.36 to 1.62 times that of barley grain and straw. In terms of examining economic indicators, the benefit to cost of dry forage dough grain, physiological ripening, complete ripening, silage and barley grain+ straw were 1.55, 1.76, 1.70, 1.65, and 1.30 respectively, and the internal rate of return were 54.7, 76.5, 70.3, 65.2 and 31.2 percent respectively. Based on these two economic indicators and pricing according to TDN value, the economic priority of the barley product included: forage 1) physiological ripening, 2) complete ripening, 3) silage forage, 4) dry forage dough grain and 5) barley grain and straw. Meanwhile, based on the market prices, the priority of the treatments were: 1) full ripening forage, 2) silage forage, 3) physiological ripening, 4) barley grain and straw, and 5) dry forage dough grain. In general, the results of this experiment show that the harvesting of barley in the form of dry forage leads to physiological ripening, complete ripening and silage forage, in terms of saving cultivation time, increasing yield and nutrient production efficiency per water consumption, as well as production economy, compared to dry forage dough grain and barley grain and straw, are preferred.
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