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In this research, to develop safflower cultivation with high grain yield and early maturity, the line SAF-99-8 was compared with the Amir variety as a check in a on-farm experiment in the Darab and Fasa counties during the 2023-2024 cropping year. The area of the experimental plots for both genotypes was 2000 square meters. The results showed that in both regions, the number of bolls per plant and the number of secondary branches in the line SAF-99-8 were higher than in the Amir variety. On the other hand, the number of grains per boll in both Darab and Fasa for the Amir variety was higher than that of the line SAF-99-8. The results indicated that the line SAF-99-8 was 13 days earlier than the check variety Amir. The findings revealed the high sensitivity of the Amir variety to Alternaria leaf spot disease and the relatively high tolerance of the line SAF-99-8 to this disease. The grain yield of the Amir variety and the line SAF-99-8 were 846 and 1826 kg ha-1 in Darab, respectively, and in Fasa, they were 2100 and 2625 kg ha-1, respectively. The high sensitivity of the Amir variety to leaf spot disease, the lower number of bolls per plant, and the fewer secondary branches were the main reasons for the reduced grain yield of the Amir variety compared to the line SAF-99-8. In this study, the line SAF-99-8, in both regions, due to its desirable agronomic traits compared to the check variety Amir, including early maturity (two weeks), a higher number of bolls per plant (35 bolls), more secondary branches, greater relative tolerance to Alternaria leaf spot disease, and ultimately high grain yield (753 kg increase in yield compared to the Amir variety), can be introduced to farmers in the Darab and Fasa counties of Fars province as a high-yielding and early-maturing variety.
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