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Sesame is one of the most important oilseed plants, whose area cultivation is increasing significantly. Because of the inaccessibility of shattering tolerant genotypes, most agronomical research has been conducted on shattering sensitive genotypes. Recently due to the accessibility of sesame shattering tolerant genotype and on the other hand the importance of sowing date, plant density, and genotype on grain yield, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the phenological, agronomical, yield, and yield components traits of shattering tolerant genotype in comparison with the shattering susceptible cultivars viz. Sardar and Oltan at planting dates of 10th May, 15th June, and 1st July; on row spacing of 30, 40, and 50 cm via a factorial split-plot experimental design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the two locations of the Gorgan and Gonbad Agricultural Research Stations during the years 2022 and 2023. During the growing season, the phenological, and agronomical, yield and its related traits were recorded. A combined analysis of variance showed that all the studied traits were significantly affected by the simple and interactive effects of year, location, planting date, row spacing, and genotype. Phenological data analysis indicated an increase in the duration of flowering, physiological maturity, senescence, and harvest stages in studied genotypes at early planting dates (10th May) and on wider row spacing (row space of 40 and 50 cm). Considering on positive and significant correlation of phenological traits with yield and its components, prolonging the growing stages of sesame led to increased seed yield. The mean comparison of interaction effects of planting date×row spacing×genotype revealed that the highest number of capsules per plant (139 number), the capsule length (2.97 cm), and the thousand-grain weight (3.65 g) were achieved at planting date 10th May×row spacing 50 cm×Oltan cultivar. In addition, the grain yield of the investigated genotypes was higher in early planting dates (10th May) and wider row spacing (50 cm) than in other treatments, so the highest grain yield (2003 kg/ha) was obtained in the interaction of planting date 10th May× row spacing 50 cm×shattering tolerant genotype. Finally, the results of this study depicted that the shattering tolerant genotype can produce higher grain yield than other cultivars at early planting dates and wider row spacing.
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