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In order to obtain high-yielding bread wheat cultivars with high water productivity, an experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks for three years from 2021 to 2023. In this experiment, the Horizontal treatment included four levels of water (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% Evapotranspiration) and vertical treatments was including four cultivars Behrang, Shabrang, Aran and Taban as controls with three promising lines from the Elite 96 experiment of Durom wheat in the warm zone including lines No. 5, 16 and 19, and three promising lines from the Elite 97 experiment including lines no. 15, 16 and 17 (a total of 10 Commercial cultivars and promising lines), which Three replicates were performed. Evapotranspiration was calculated based on the evaporation pan method and irrigation treatments were applied using drip irrigation system. While recording growth stages, at the time of harvest, samples of treatments were taken to measure yield and yield components. In simple and combined analysis of variance, the number of spike per squar meters, the number of grain per spike, thousand kernel weight, and dry matter produced, harvest index, grain yield, application water productivity and water use efficiency based on grain yield and dry matter produced were investigated. In the combined analysis of variance, the effects of the year on the treatments were significant. In this study, the average wheat evapotranspiration in the first and second year of the experiment was 312 and 300 mm, respectively. Based on the results of the combined treatments of both years, it was found that by applying appropriate irrigation management for each cultivar/line, it is possible to increase the water productivity index - grain yield from 56 to 77 percent.
Comparing the simple annual and compound two-year averages of yield traits and water productivity-grain yield of lines 15 and 17 of the 97 series were superior to commercial cultivars and other selected lines of this experiment. Based on the results of applied water with grain yield and water productivity of these two years of testing, it was determined that with a 32% reduction in the water required for durum wheat, 12% of the yield capacity and water productivity capacity is reduced, and the best recommendation for durum wheat in warm zone, is dificit irrigation whit provides 70% of the Evapotranspiration.
Based on the factors of Evapotranspiration, yeild (grain wheat) capacity, stability of one and two year production in irrigation treatments (from dificit to high irrigation), wheat cultivars and lines of this study were classified into four groups. aftre determining the best cultivar or line of each group, It is easier to choose of the best the cultivar or line. Based on this, line 17 of the 97 series, for dry zone or areas with risk of lack water, and line 15, for region withot The possibility of facing water scarcity or drought are recommended.
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