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Autumn cultivation offers a promising solution to mitigate water scarcity in sugar beet cultivation. By leveraging natural precipitation patterns during the fall and winter seasons, this method reduces reliance on irrigation and helps preserve groundwater resources. However, a significant challenge in autumn cultivation is the phenomenon of bolting. Bolting negatively impacts both the quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet, posing a major threat to the economic viability of this cultivation method. Therefore, identifying and introducing bolting-resistant cultivars for autumn cultivation areas is of paramount importance. In this context, promising sugar beet hybrids, including 10 genotypes along with two bolting-resistant control cultivars, were evaluated in three regions—Gonbad, Dezful, and Gachsaran—over two consecutive cropping years (2022-2023 and 2023-2024). The study employed a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results indicated that genotype BOL436 had the highest vernalization threshold but was highly sensitive to bolting. Conversely, genotypes BOL435 and BOL434 exhibited low sensitivity to bolting despite having a high vernalization threshold. A combined analysis of variance revealed significant additive effects of environment and genotype at the 1% probability level for all six traits: white sugar yield (WSY), root yield (RY), sugar content, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, and alpha-amino nitrogen. However, the interaction between genotype and environment significantly affected WSY and RY at the 1% probability level. Analysis of genotype-environment interaction effects using the AMMI model showed that for WSY, the first two components together explained 75.20% of the variation in the genotype-environment interaction, while for RY, the first component alone explained 57.60%. The WAASB biplot analysis identified genotypes BOL375, BOL239, BOL376, and BOL068 as stable and desirable for WSY due to their low environmental impact and good WSY. Similarly, genotypes BOL239, BOL068, and BOL375, along with the control cultivar Rajah, were identified as stable and desirable for RY.
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