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The oleaster )Elaeagnus angustifolia) tree, remains resilient and robust for years, even in the poorest soils, without the need for typical horticultural care. A detailed examination of the native germplasm of oleaster in Iran and the creation of a registry for them is essential for conservation, as well as for planning breeding and agronomic research, and for providing strategies to improve the management of this crop’s production. This project was implemented with the aim of identifying, evaluating, and collecting native oleaster germplasm for the introduction of commercial cultivars and the establishment of a national oleaster collection at the Bastam Agricultural Research Station in Shahroud. During the project’s implementation, the researchers visited natural habitats and various orchards in the target provinces at different stages of the oleaster trees’ growth and development. They recorded the geographical locations of the selected trees, collected samples, and took data. Various traits (dimensions, weight, and color) of the leaves, fruits, and seeds were measured. A total of 172 genotypes were identified in different provinces. The results revealed significant variation among genotypes in studied traits. The highest coefficient of variation (43.60%) was observed in fruit weight, ranging from 0.32 to 4.6 grams. The highest average fruit weight (4.6 grams), fruit length (39 mm), and fruit diameter (24 mm) belonged to genotypes 14 Kohgiluyeh, 6 Hamedan, and 6 Alborz, respectively. Simultaneously with the project execution, cutting, rooting, and establishing a National Oleaster Collection began at the Bastam Shahroud Agricultural Research Station using genotypes from various provinces. Using the recorded data from the original genotype locations, 20 genotypes with larger fruit dimensions were selected for compatibility project implementation.
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