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The Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rotation with wheat is very important because of the ability of Chickpea to fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility. Chickpeas have a limited ability to compete with weeds due to its relatively slow early growth season. In order to survey the efficacy of several pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed control in the autumn cultivation of chickpeas, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Sararoud region during 2019–2020 and 2021-2022 and at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute in Maragheh during 2021–2022 and 2022–2023.The main plots contain two tillage systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage). The subplots include 12 herbicide treatments (Trifluralin, Trifluralin + Bethanal progress, Isoxaflutole, Isoxaflutole + Bethanal progress, Oxyfluorfen, Oxyfluorfen + Bethanal progress, Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr + Bethanal progress, Fluorochloridone, Fluorochloridone + Bethanal progress, Metribuzin, Metribuzin + Bethanal progress, and two controls (weed-free and weed-infested) and in Maragheh, herbicide treatments included trifluralin, trifluralin + aclonifen, flurochloridone, flurochloridone + aclonifen, oxyfluorfen, oxyfluorfen + aclonifen, imazethapyr, imazethapyr + aclonifen, and controls (weedy and weed-free). In the first year, the minimum decline in weeds density was observed in the no-tillage system, and in herbicide treatments imazathapir + bethanal progress, control (weed infest) and isoxaflotel with 11.3, 10.6, 10.6 plants per square meter and the maximum decline was recorded in the treatments of oxyfluorfen + bethanal progress, fluorochloridone and metribiozin + bethanal progress with 5.6, 5.6 and 6 plant /m2. In this year, the highest weeds dry weight belonging to the control(weed infest), trifloralin + bethanal progress and trifloralin respectively with 154, 112 and 111 grams per square meter in the no tillage system, the lowest weeds dry weight related to the conventional tillage and in the herbicide treatments of fluorochloridone, isoxaflotel and oxyfluorfen, it was 75, 80 and 81 gr/m2 respectively. Conventional tillage reduced the density and dry weight of weeds, but this reduction was statistically significant for the dry weight of weeds. In the second year, the highest weed biomass in the control treatments (weed infest), trifloralin and imazathapyr with 129.5, 105.5 and 105 gr/m2, and the highest density for the control treatment (weed infest), trifluoralin + bethanel progress and trifloralin respectively with 11, 8.8 and 8.5 gr/m2 and the lowest density (6.3 plants/m2) and biomass (81 gr/m2) of weeds for fluorochloridone was recorded. In both years, the lowest weed biomass was observed in the fluorochloridone and isoxaflotel herbicide treatments. Other herbicides also reduced weed biomass compared to control (weed infest), and this reduction was not statistically significant betwen herbicide treatments.The highest yield of chickpea seeds were for the control treatment (weed free) and trifloralin + bethanal progress, 846.7 and 1.664 kg per hectare for the first year and 627 and 496 kg per hectare for the second year. The lowest yield of chickpeas seeds was observed in the fluorochloridone weeding treatment 314 and 385 kg/ha in the first and second year, respectively. According to the highest percentage of weed control and the maximum yield of chickpea seeds, herbicides isoxaflotel and trifloralin and conventional tillage system had better efficiency.The economic evaluation of the results of two years shows that in both systems without tillage and conventional tillage, the herbicide trifloralin had the highest economic efficiency.The analysis of variance results for the 2022–2023 cropping season in Maragheh revealed that only the biomass of weeds across two different tillage systems exhibited statistically significant differences at the 5% level. The effects of applied herbicides on weed biomass and density, as well as the interaction between herbicides and tillage, demonstrated significant variations exclusively in weed biomass. In contrast, the analysis of variance for the 2023–2024 cropping season indicated no statistically significant differences in weed density or biomass between the two tillage systems. However, the effects of applied herbicides and their interactions with tillage continued to show statistically significant differences only in weed biomass. In the first year (2021–2022), the highest weed density, following the no-weeding control treatment, was observed for trifluralin and fluorochloridone herbicides, with 45, 33, and 29 plants per square meter, respectively. The lowest density was recorded for the oxyfluorfen herbicide treatment, with 19 plants per square meter. The highest weed biomass under the no-weeding control treatment was 30.2 grams per square meter, while the lowest was 30 grams per square meter across two different tillage systems. For the no-tillage + trifluralin treatment, the biomass reached 25 grams per square meter. Conversely, the lowest biomass values were recorded for tillage + imazethapyr and tillage + fluorochloridone treatments, with 4.2 and 3.5 grams per square meter, respectively. In the second year (2023–2024), the highest weed biomass after the control treatment was recorded for the trifluralin treatment at 86 grams per square meter, whereas the lowest biomass was observed for the imazethapyr + aclonifen and imazethapyr treatments, at 5 and 6 grams per square meter, respectively. The highest weed density, with 48 and 39 plants per square meter, was recorded for the no-tillage + no-weeding and tillage + weeding treatments. The no-tillage + trifluralin treatment exhibited a weed density of 30 plants per square meter. Across both cropping years, the most effective herbicides for weed suppression were imazethapyr, fluorochloridone, oxyfluorfen, and metribuzin. The highest grain yield in the first year (2022–2023) was recorded under the weeding control treatment, reaching 501 kg/ha, followed by 446 and 418 kg/ha for fluorochloridone and fluorochloridone + aclonifen treatments, respectively. The lowest grain yields were observed for metribuzin (199 kg/ha), metribuzin + aclonifen (264 kg/ha), and the no-weeding control treatment (287 kg/ha). In the second year (2023–2024), the highest grain yield after the weeding control treatment (696 kg/ha) was recorded for the metribuzin + aclonifen (627 kg/ha) and fluorochloridone + aclonifen (562 kg/ha) treatments. The lowest grain yields were observed for the control treatment (344 kg/ha) and oxyfluorfen + aclonifen (307 kg/ha). The higher grain yields in the second year were attributed to increased precipitation levels. Interestingly, while metribuzin herbicide resulted in the lowest yield in the first year, it demonstrated the highest yield in the second year, reflecting a significant shift in performance.
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