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Cross-breeding and selection within the segregating populations is one of the common methods in plant breeding that can be used for different purposes. The aim of this study was to develop genetic diversity in rapeseed and to identify the superior genotypes obtained in the segregating generations. In order to achieving suitable rapeseed lines for cultivation in semi-tropical and temperate rainfed conditions of the country, the 6 early maturity parental cultivars and 67 crosses of their F6 generation were sown in three 2-m rows spaced 30 cm apart with two replications at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute of Sararood during 2023-2024. During the growth period, traits including day to flowering, plant height, number of sub-branches, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, seed oil content, seed and oil yield were determined. In terms of the seed oil content, there was a suitable variation between the genotypes with a range of 42.10 to 51.92%. The results showed that the highest seed and oil yield in the F6 population was related to Mozart × Taparoo (780.58 and 372.02 g/plot, respectively), Global × Zerfam (654.14 and 309.54 g/plot, respectively), Olga × Taparoo (612.26 and 278.95 g/plot, respectively), and Global × Fusio (569.57 and 272.82 g/plot, respectively). The average seed and oil yield of the F6 generation was superior to the parental cultivars by more than 102.2 and 43.5 g/plot, respectively.
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