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This study aimed to investigate the effect of using triticale and fodder beet silage in the nutrition of dairy cows on feed intake performance, digestibility, milk production, rumen parameters, blood metabolites, animal welfare, and economic evaluation. To carry out this research, 10 Holstein dairy cows and Holstein mixed breeds with Simmental and Mont Billiard were evaluated in a changeover design with two treatments over two 30-day periods. Dairy cows had free access to water during the experimental period, and the feed consumed was provided to the animals along with 5% more than the animal's requirement. The use of fodder beet reduced neutral detergent fiber intake (P=0.0251) and increased non-fiber carbohydrate intake (P=0.0317). Digestibility of dry matter (P=0.0418), organic matter and crude protein (P<0.0001) was higher when fodder beet was used in the diet compared to triticale. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility showed a higher value in the triticale diet (P=0.0321). Compared to triticale diet, the use of fodder beet in the diet increased milk production (P<0.0001), protein (P=0.0132), and lactose (P=0.0402), but decreased milk fat and urea nitrogen (P<0.0001). The use of fodder beet in the forage portion of the diet reduced pH, protozoa population (P<0.0001), and acetic acid production (P=0.0186), as well as reduced physical effective fiber, eating activity, saliva production (P<0.0001), and rumination activity (P=0.0442). Total volatile fatty acid production (P=0.0079), propionic acid (P=0.0174), microbial protein production, and nitrogen use efficiency (P<0.0001) were increased in the fodder beet diet. Overall, the results showed that using 25% fodder beet in the diet did not have a negative effect on livestock performance and resulted in greater profitability by reducing production costs.
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