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Study of adaptability and comparison of quantity and quality traits of quince cultivars and promising genotypes on tow rootstocks in Iran conditions
Iran ranks fourth globally in quince production, yielding 82,000 tons, following Uzbekistan, China, and Turkey. Isfahan cultivar of quince is the dominant cultivar in Iran at now. While this cultivar exhibits favorable fruit quality, it is prone to fire blight and has a lower yield compared to certain genotypes found in Iran. The evaluation was conducted on the Vidoja, Behta, and Isfahan cultivars, as well as the promising genotypes Isfahan2, Isfahan3, and Isfahan5, which were grafted onto quince seedlings and hawthorn rootstocks. In early April 2016, grafted plants were established in orchards located in Urmia and Isfahan. Fruit traits and yield of cultivars and genotypes were studied for four years. The following parameters were assessed: the number of fruits per tree, as well as fruit characteristics including length, diameter, weight, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and yield per tree. The findings indicated that seedlings from quince rootstock, in comparison to those from hawthorn rootstock, led to a 33.3% increase in the number of fruits per tree, a 27.9% enhancement in yield per tree, and a 6% rise in total soluble solids (TSS) across various cultivars and genotypes. Additionally, there was an 11.4% reduction in fruit titratable acidity observed in Urmia. In contrast, the utilization of hawthorn rootstock, as opposed to quince rootstock, resulted in an increase of 12.4% in the number of fruits per tree and an 18.5% enhancement in yield per tree at Isfahan. At Urmia, the highest yields per tree recorded were 22 kg and 22.7 kg for the Vidoja cultivar and Isfahan5 genotype, respectively, when grown on quince rootstock. Conversely, the most significant yields per tree on hawthorn rootstock at Isfahan were 33.2 kg and 33.5 kg for the Vidoja cultivar and Isfahan5 genotype, respectively. The Viduja cultivar has already been introduced as a superior variety. The Isfahan 5 genotype can also be introduced as a superior variety with additional studies.
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