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Stem rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is the most damaging rust among wheat rusts and the damage caused by the disease can be reached to complete destruction of wheat fields. The disease, historically one of the most important diseases of wheat in Iran, has re-emerged over the past two decades and threatens wheat production in several parts of the country. In this study, reactions of 153 elite wheat lines from the CRD, SPII national wheat breeding programs in 2022 were determined to stem rust at seedling stage in the greenhouse in Karaj, Iran, and at adult-plant stage during two cropping seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 under field conditions in Kelardasht, Mazandaran and Boroujerd, Lorestan, Iran. Results showed that a high percentage of experimental lines from different climates and wheat breeding programs were susceptible to stem rust disease both in seedling and in adult-plant stages. However, 52 of the lines were resistant to all P. graminis f. sp. tritici races tested at seedling stage. Among these lines, the lines number 1, 5, 7, 13, 14, and 19 from the North warm and humid climate, the lines number 6, 8, 10, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 32, 37, 40, 46, 50, and 51 from the South warm and dry climate, the lines number 10 and 13 from the moderate climate, the lines number 11 and 13 from the cold climate, and the lines number 5, 17, 18, 19, and 20 from durum wheat showed acceptable resistance to the disease at adult-plant stage in all locations. It is possible that the resistance observed in these lines at adult-plant stage comes from seedling stage and may be of seedling resistance. In addition, the lines number 3, 4, and 29 from the South warm and dry climate were resistant to the disease at adult-plant stage despite susceptibility to different races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici collected from different parts of the country at seedling stage. The resistance observed in these genotypes may due to their adult-plant resistance type. Data collected from this project were provided to CRD, SPII, to use in national wheat breeding programs.
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